Task 5 Methapors, Allusions, and Simile

Bani Mustofa - TRANSLATION 503

Methapors
1. My memory is foggy = pikiranku sedang kacau
2. You are my sunshine = kamu adalah cintaku
3.He has a fiery temper = dia orang yang mudah marah
4.My future looks very bright = masa depanku terlihat sangat cemerlang
5.It was a very stormy relationship = itu adalah hubungan yang kacau dan menyebalkan

Allusions
1.spiders were her achilles heel =  laba - laba adalah kelemahannya
2. My house is like paradise = rumahku sangatlah indah seperti surga
3.He is the new Bill gates with those cars = dia adalah orang paling kaya dengan mobil - mobil itu
4. hey guys ! guess who the new einstein in our class = teman - teman coba tebak siapakah orang pintar baru dikelas kita.
5.He was a Shrek before he had been done his plastic surgery = dia adalah orang yang jelek sebelum melakukan operasi plastik

Simile
1. gleamed like a pearl = bersinar sangat cerah
2. as fiery as a volcano = sangat mudah marah
3. as clear as crystal = sangat mudah untuk dilihat
4. as soft as a silk = sangat lembut
5. eats like a bird = kebiasaan suka makan sedikit

TASK 4 - NEWMARK TRANSLATION PROCEDURES

BANI MUSTOFA - TRANSLATION 503

The following are the different translation procedures that Newmark (1988b) proposes:

1. Transference: it is the process of transferring an SL word to a TL text. It includes transliteration and is the same as what Harvey (2000:5) named "transcription."

Example           1. My uncle works as supervisor in that company :Pamankubekerjasebagaisupervisordi perusahanity

2. Jack is a master in mathematic : Jack adalahseorang master di matematika.

2. Naturalization: it adapts the SL word first to the normal pronunciation, then to the normal morphology of the TL. (Newmark, 1988b:82)

Example          1.jacket           =  jaket

                        2.guitar            = gitar 

3. Cultural equivalent: it means replacing a cultural word in the SL with a TL one. however, "they are not accurate" (Newmark, 1988b:83)

Example           Lustrajca (polish) : Purification

4. Functional equivalent: Functional Equivalent is a procedure of translation that is usually used to translate cultural words.It requires the use of a culture-free word,sometimes with a new specific term.This procedure, which is a cultural componential analysis, is the most accurateway of translating. This kind of procedures is also used when a SL technical word has no TL equivalent(Newmark, 1988:83

Example            Kusir Delman : Coachman

5. Descriptive equivalent:

in this procedure the meaning of the CBT is explained in several words. (Newmark, 1988b:83)

Example          Bika Ambon = the traditional cookies from Ambon, Maluku are made from glutinous rice flour. the taste is sweet.

                         

6. Componential analysis:  

  it means "comparing an SL word with a TL word which has a similar meaning but is not an obvious one-to-one equivalent, by demonstrating first their common and then their differing sense components." (Newmark, 1988b:114)

Example          1.Clean clothes = washed clothes,  through.

                        2.clean water = water you can see

7. Synonymy: 

Synonymy is the translation procedure which is used to translate the word from SL which has no clear one-to-one equivalent in TL, and the word is not important in the text, especially for adjectives or adverbs of quality.This procedure can be used when literal translation is impossible and when the word is not too important for componential analysis. In thiscase the economy is more important than the accuracy (Newmark, 1988b:84)

Example          1.pintar = cerdas=pandai

                        2. false = untrue

                        3. huge = enormous

8. Through-translation: 

it is the literal translation of common collocations, names of organizations and components of compounds. It can also be called: calque or loan translation. (Newmark, 1988b:84)

Example          1. ILO ; organisasi buruh internasional

                        2. UNICEF: badan perlindungan anak terlantar internasional

9. Shifts or transpositions: it involves a change in the grammar from SL to TL, for instance, (i) change from singular to plural, (ii) the change required when a specific SL structure does not exist in the TL, (iii) change of an SL verb to a TL word, change of an SL noun group to a TL noun and so forth. (Newmark, 1988b:86)

Example          lending bank : bank yang memberikan pinjaman

10. Modulation: it occurs when the translator reproduces the message of the original text in the TL text in conformity with the current norms of the TL, since the SL and the TL may appear dissimilar in terms of perspective. (Newmark, 1988b:88)

Example          environment degradation = penurunan mutu lingkungan.

11. Recognized translation: it occurs when the translator "normally uses the official or the generally accepted translation of any institutional term." (Newmark, 1988b:89)

Example         DPR = Indonesia Legislative Assembly

12. Compensation: it occurs when loss of meaning in one part of a sentence is compensated in another part. (Newmark, 1988b:90)

Example          Break time : waktu untuk beristirahat

                        

13. Paraphrase: in this procedure the meaning of the CBT is explained. Here the explanation is much more detailed than that of descriptive equivalent. (Newmark, 1988b:91)

Example          1. Hypothermia (kondisi dimana tubuh berada dalam suhu rendah dibawah 35 derajat celcius)

14. Couplets: it occurs when the translator combines two different procedures. (Newmark, 1988b:91)

Example          Keraton : the enormous palace (where the king and his family lived)

15. Notes: notes are additional information in a translation. (Newmark, 1988b:91)

Example          Metatext as meta-reflection on the text, i.e. metalingual reflection

TASK 3 - TYPES OF TRANSLATION

Task 3 (TYPES OF TRANSLATION)

                                               Catford (1978: 21)

Based on the extent, the types of translation are:

            1) Full translation, it is a type of translation

            in which the entire SL text is reproduced by the TL text materials.

            2)  Partial translation, there are only some parts of the SL text to be translated into  the TL text.

Catford (1978:21)

Berdasarkan banyaknya, jenis-jenis terjemahan ada :

1.      Terjemahan penuh, ini adalah sebuah jenis terjemahan dimana keseluruhan teks sumber bahasa di reproduksi  oleh  teks materi bahasa terjemahan

2.      Terjemahan sebagian,  hanya ada beberapa bagian dari teks sumber bahasa di terjemahkan ke dalam bahasa tujuan.

   In terms of level, the types of translation are:

            1)         Total translation, the TL material replaces all levels of the SL text.

            2)         Restricted translation, it is the replacement of SL textual material with equivalent TL material at only one level; whether at the phonological level, graphological level, or at the level of         grammar and lexis.

Dalam hal tingkat, jenis-jenis terjemahan ada :

1)         Terjemahan total, materi teks bahasa terjemahan menggantikan semua jenis teks bahasa sumber

2)    Terjemahan terbatas, ini adalah penggantian teks materi bahasa  sumber yang sama dengan materi teks bahasa hanya pada satu tingkat, apakah pada tingkat fonologi, grafologi, atau pada tingkat grammar dan kosa kata.

  In terms of rank, translation is divided into:

            1)         Rank-bound translation, it means that the selection of TL text equivalent is   limited at only one rank, such as word-     for-word equivalence, morpheme-for-morpheme equivalence, etc.

            2)  Unbounded translation, it can move  freely up and down the rank-scale.

Dalam hal tingkat, terjemahan dibagi menjadi

1)     Terjemahan terikat, terjemahan ini berarti bahwa pemilihan teks bahasa terjemahan yang sama terbatas hanya pada satu tingkat, seperti kesamaan kata demi kata, morfem demi morfem dll.

2)      Terjemahan tak terikat, terjemahan ini dapat bergerak bebas naik dan turun skala tingkat.

                                                       Brislin in Choliludin (2007: 26-30)

   

Based on the purposes of translation:

      1)         Pragmatic translation: it refers to the translation of a message with an          interest in accuracy of the information that was meant to be conveyed in the SL form and it is not conveyed with  other aspects of the original language version. Example: the translation of the           information about repairing a machine.

  Brislin dalam Choliludin (2007: 26-30)

            Berdasarkan tujuan-tujuan terjemahan :

1.      Terjemahan pragmatis: terjemahan ini mengacu sebuah pesan dengan kepentingan keakuratan informasi yang dimaksudkan untuk disampaikan ke dalam bentuk bahasa sumber dan ini bukan disampaikan dengan aspek-aspek lain dari versi bahasa asli. Contoh terjemahan informasi tentang memperbaiki sebuah mesin.

2) Aesthetic-poetic translation: it refers to translation in which the translator takes into account the affect, emotion, and feeling of an original version, the aesthetic form used by the original author, as well as any information in the message. Example: the translation of sonnet, rhyme, heroic couplet, dramatic dialogue, and novel.

2.  T erjemahan estetis-puitis: terjemahan ini mengacu pada penerjemahan dimana penerjemah mempertimbangkan perasaan, emosi, dan suasana versi aslinya. Bentuk estetis digunakan oleh penulis asli, serta semua informasi dalam pesan. Contoh terjemahan sonata, sajak, bait kepahlawanan , dialog dramatis, dan novel.

3)   Ethnographic translation: its purpose is to explicate the cultural context of the SL and TL versions. Translators have to be sensitive to the way words are used and must know how the word fits into cultures. Example: the use of the word ‘yes’ versus ‘yeah’ in America.

 Terjemahan etnografi,bertujuan untuk menjelaskan konteks budaya bahasa asli dan versi bahasa terjemahan. Penerjemah harus peka pada cara kata-kata yang digunakan dan harus mengetahui bagaimana kata yang cocok dengan budaya. Contoh: penggunaan kata ‘ya’ terhadap ‘ya’ di Amerika.

4)   Linguistic translation: is concerned with equivalent meanings of the constituent morphemes of the SL and grammatical form. Example: language in a computer program and translation machine.

Terjemahan linguistic: terkait dengan makna yang setara atas konstituen morfem bahasa sumber dan bentuk gramatikal. Contoh: bahasa dalam program computer dan mesin penerjemahan.

  Jacobson in Leonardi (2000)

•          1) Intralingual translation (monolingual translation), 2) interlingual translation (bilingual or multilingual translation), and 3) intersemiotic translation (verbal sign into non-verbal sign).

•          Intralingual translation refers to a translation in which verbal signs are interpreted by means of other signs of the same language. It happens within the same language (monolingual)

Jacobson dalam Leonardi (2000)

1)      Terjemahan intralingual (terjemahan monolingual), 2) terjemahan interlingual (bilingual atau terjemahan multilingual), 3) terjemahan intersemiotik (tanda verbal menjadi tanda non-verbal)

Terjemahan intralingual, mengacu pada terjemahan yang tanda-tanda verbal ditafsirkan dengan cara tanda-tanda lain dari bahasa yang sama. Hal ini terjadi pada bahasa yang sama (satu bahasa)

•          Interlingual translation is the one which refers to different languages whether it is bilingual or multilingual.

•          Intersemiotic translation refers to an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of non-verbal sign systems.

Terjemahan interlingual; adalah terjemahan yang mengacu pada perbedaan bahasa apakah itu bahasa bilingual atau multilingual

                     Terjemahan intersemiotik mengacu pada sebuah interpretasi tanda-tanda verbal melalui            
                           tanda-tanda lain dari sistem-sistem tanda non-verbal

TASK 2 - TRANSLATION 403 - MR HARTONO AND MRS YULIASRI

For the text translation (coffee serving suggestion and the ingredients) above, I think there is no significant problem exist. Source language and target language show the well organized steps of the instruction and it can be understood by the readers easily.

the ingredients show there are many technical term and chemical components that do not have Indonesian meaning. So,the translators use a adaptation technique and he used its safe technique (ignore misunderstanding) to translate the ingredients of the coffee product.

ASSIGNMENT TRANSLATION 1 - 403 THURSDAY - BANI MUSTOFA 2201412151

DEFINITION OF TRANSLATION

PENGERTIAN DARI MENERJEMAHKAN

1. Definition 1 (Nida, 1969: 12):

“Translation consists of reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalence

 of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.”

Definisi 1 :

“Menerjemahkan merupakan proses mereproduksi kesepadanan informasi dari bahasa sumber  pada bahasa penerjemah secara alamiah lebih dekat, 

pertama dalam segi makna dan kedua dalam segi gaya.”

2. Definition 2 (Catford, 1978: 20):

“Translation is the replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual 

material in another language (TL).”

Definisi 2 :

“Menerjemahkan adalah penggantian bahan tekstual dalam satu bahasa (SL) oleh bahan tekstual yang sepadan dalam bahasa lain (TL).”

3. Definition 3 (Larson, 1984: 3):

“Translation is transferring the meaning of the source language into the receptor language. 

This is done by going from the form of the first language to the form of a second language

 by way of semantic structure. It is meaning which is being transferred and must

 be held constant.”

Definisi 3 :

“Menerjemahkan adalah proses penggantian makna bahasa asal ke dalam bahasa penerjemah

 (sasaran). Hal ini dilakukan dengan cara mengubah dari bentuk 

bahasa pertama ke bentuk bahasa kedua dengan struktur semantik. 

Hal ini berarti yang sedang ditransfer dan  harus tetap konstan.”

4. Definition 4 (Newmark, 1988: 5):

“Translation is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that

 the author intended the text.”

Definisi 4 :

“Menerjemahkan adalah proses menterjemahkan makna sebuah teks ke dalam bahasa lain

 dengan cara yang penulis dimaksudkan pada teks itu.”

5. Definition 5 (Hawkes in Basnett-McGuire ,1991:13):

“Translation involves the transfer of ‘meaning’ contained in one set of language signs into 

another set of language through competent use of the dictionary and grammar, 

the process involves a whole set of extralinguistic criteria also.”

Definisi 5 :

“Menerjemahkan adalah proses yang melibatkan pergantian 'makna' yang terkandung

 dalam satu kumpulan isyarat bahasa ke dalam satu kumpulan bahasa lainnya 

melalui penggunaan kompeten kamus dan tata bahasa, prosesnya juga melibatkan seluruh

 rangkaian kriteria ilmu bahasa tambahan.”

6. Definition 6 (Sperber and Wilson in Bell (1991:6):

“Translation is the replacement of a representation of a text in one language by a representation

 of an equivalent text in a second language.”

Definisi 6 :

“Menerjemahkan adalah proses penggantian representasi teks dalam satu bahasa dengan 

representasi dari teks yang sepadan ke bahasa kedua.”

7. Definition 7 (Toury in James, 2000):

“Translation is a kind of activity which inevitably involves at least two languages and 

two cultural traditions.”

Definisi 7:

“Menerjemahkan adalah jenis kegiatan yang mutlak melibatkan setidaknya dua bahasa dan dua tradisi budaya.”

8. Definition 8 (Steiner in Choliludin, 2006: 5):

“Translation can be seen as (co) generation of texts under specific constraints that is relative

stability of some situational factors and, therefore, register, and classically, 

change of language and (context of) culture.”

Definisi 8 :

“Menerjemahkan bisa dilihat sebagai (co) generasi teks di bawah batasan tertentu yang relatif

 stabil dari beberapa faktor yang tepat dan, oleh karena itu, tercatat, 

dan secara klasik, perubahan dari bahasa dan (konteks) budaya.”

Nonverbal Communication

• Nonverbal communication, or body language, is used everywhere in the world because it is a very powerful means of communication , and it communicates much more than spoken words.
• One example of nonverbal communication is what occurs between parents and child; for example, parents smile at their child. They communicate love, acceptance, and reassurance. The child feels comfortable and safe because the smile signifies approval. The child is happy and well adjusted.
• Another example of nonverbal communication is the image a person shows in public; for instance, a woman is walking alone on an unfamiliar and possibly dangerous streets ; also, she wants to appear confident. She walks quickly ; she may be tired. She walks with her shoulders straight and her head held high ;also, her eyes are focused straight ahead. Someone is looking at her; however, she returns the glance without hesitation. In contrast, a nervous woman appears afraid. She walks slowly with her shoulders and eyes down.
• Indeed, body language can express more than spoken language; for instance, merely by raising and eyebrow, clenching a jaw, or softening the eyes, ; and a person can express disapproval, anger, or love, ; but it is a very strong method of communication

                                                      

                                             Equal Rights for Woman

Russian women started to gain equality earlier than women in the United States. In the former Soviet Union, men and women had access to equal because that reflected the Soviet philosophy. Since 1937, Soviet constitution declared that women and men had equal rihts and responsibilities. Women joined the workforce As soon as millions of Russian men were away in the military during World War II, so Russian women filled their places at work. AlthoughSoviet women worked full time at their jobs, they also had the primary responsibility for taking care of the family. When they finished their work, they had to shop, cook the evening meal, and perhaps wash, iron, or mend the family’s clothes. After U.S women started to demonstrate that, they could do their work of men during World War II.